C++ Library - <ios>
Introduction
The C++ standard libraries provide an extensive set of input/output capabilities which we will see in subsequent chapters. This chapter will discuss very basic and most common I/O operations required for C++ programming.
Input-Output base classes and types for the IOStream hierarchy of classes as shown below −
Types
Class templates
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
basic_ios |
Base class for streams (type-dependent components |
| 2 |
fpos |
Stream position class template |
Classes
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
ios |
Base class for streams (type-dependent components) |
| 2 |
ios_base |
Base class for streams |
| 3 |
wios |
Base class for wide character streams |
Other types
Format flag manipulators (functions)
Independent flags (switch on) −
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
boolalpha |
Alphanumerical bool values |
| 2 |
showbase |
Show numerical base prefixes |
| 3 |
showpoint |
Show decimal point |
| 4 |
showpos |
Show positive signs |
| 5 |
skipws |
Skip whitespaces |
| 6 |
unitbuf |
Flush buffer after insertions |
| 7 |
uppercase |
Generate upper-case letters |
Independent flags (switch off) −
Numerical base format flags ("basefield" flags) −
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
dec |
Use decimal base |
| 2 |
hex |
Use hexadecimal base |
| 3 |
oct |
Use octal base |
Floating-point format flags ("floatfield" flags) −
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
fixed |
Use fixed floating-point notation |
| 2 |
scientific |
Use scientific floating-point notation |
Adustment format flags ("adjustfield" flags) −
| Sr.No. |
Member types |
Definition |
| 1 |
internal |
Adjust field by inserting characters at an internal position |
| 2 |
left |
Adjust output to the left |
| 3 |
right |
Adjust output to the right |
