Python Pandas - Visualization

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Basic Plotting: plot

This functionality on Series and DataFrame is just a simple wrapper around the matplotlib libraries plot() method.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,4),index=pd.date_range('1/1/2000',
   periods=10), columns=list('ABCD'))

df.plot()

Its output is as follows −

Basic Plotting

If the index consists of dates, it calls gct().autofmt_xdate() to format the x-axis as shown in the above illustration.

We can plot one column versus another using the x and y keywords.

Plotting methods allow a handful of plot styles other than the default line plot. These methods can be provided as the kind keyword argument to plot(). These include −

  • bar or barh for bar plots
  • hist for histogram
  • box for boxplot
  • 'area' for area plots
  • 'scatter' for scatter plots

Bar Plot

Let us now see what a Bar Plot is by creating one. A bar plot can be created in the following way −

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,4),columns=['a','b','c','d')
df.plot.bar()

Its output is as follows −

Bar Plot

To produce a stacked bar plot, pass stacked=True −

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,4),columns=['a','b','c','d')
df.plot.bar(stacked=True)

Its output is as follows −

Stacked Bar Plot

To get horizontal bar plots, use the barh method −

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10,4),columns=['a','b','c','d')

df.plot.barh(stacked=True)

Its output is as follows −

Horizontal Bar Plot

Histograms

Histograms can be plotted using the plot.hist() method. We can specify number of bins.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'a':np.random.randn(1000)+1,'b':np.random.randn(1000),'c':
np.random.randn(1000) - 1}, columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])

df.plot.hist(bins=20)

Its output is as follows −

Histograms using plot.hist()

To plot different histograms for each column, use the following code −

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df=pd.DataFrame({'a':np.random.randn(1000)+1,'b':np.random.randn(1000),'c':
np.random.randn(1000) - 1}, columns=['a', 'b', 'c'])

df.diff.hist(bins=20)

Its output is as follows −

Histograms for Column

Box Plots

Boxplot can be drawn calling Series.box.plot() and DataFrame.box.plot(), or DataFrame.boxplot() to visualize the distribution of values within each column.

For instance, here is a boxplot representing five trials of 10 observations of a uniform random variable on [0,1).

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10, 5), columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])
df.plot.box()

Its output is as follows −

Box Plots

Area Plot

Area plot can be created using the Series.plot.area() or the DataFrame.plot.area() methods.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(10, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
df.plot.area()

Its output is as follows −

Area Plot

Scatter Plot

Scatter plot can be created using the DataFrame.plot.scatter() methods.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(50, 4), columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
df.plot.scatter(x='a', y='b')

Its output is as follows −

Scatter Plot

Pie Chart

Pie chart can be created using the DataFrame.plot.pie() method.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(3 * np.random.rand(4), index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], columns=['x'])
df.plot.pie(subplots=True)

Its output is as follows −

Pie Chart
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