Mockito - Overview

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What is Mocking?

Mocking is a way to test the functionality of a class in isolation. Mocking does not require a database connection or properties file read or file server read to test a functionality. Mock objects do the mocking of the real service. A mock object returns a dummy data corresponding to some dummy input passed to it.

Mockito

Mockito facilitates creating mock objects seamlessly. It uses Java Reflection in order to create mock objects for a given interface. Mock objects are nothing but proxy for actual implementations.

Consider a case of Stock Service which returns the price details of a stock. During development, the actual stock service cannot be used to get real-time data. So we need a dummy implementation of the stock service. Mockito can do the same very easily, as its name suggests.

Benefits of Mockito

  • No Handwriting − No need to write mock objects on your own.

  • Refactoring Safe − Renaming interface method names or reordering parameters will not break the test code as Mocks are created at runtime.

  • Return value support − Supports return values.

  • Exception support − Supports exceptions.

  • Order check support − Supports check on order of method calls.

  • Annotation support − Supports creating mocks using annotation.

Consider the following code snippet.

package com.howcodex.mock;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

public class PortfolioTester {
   public static void main(String[] args){

      //Create a portfolio object which is to be tested		
      Portfolio portfolio = new Portfolio();

      //Creates a list of stocks to be added to the portfolio
      List<Stock> stocks = new ArrayList<Stock>();
      Stock googleStock = new Stock("1","Google", 10);
      Stock microsoftStock = new Stock("2","Microsoft",100);

      stocks.add(googleStock);
      stocks.add(microsoftStock);		

      //Create the mock object of stock service
      StockService stockServiceMock = mock(StockService.class);

      // mock the behavior of stock service to return the value of various stocks
      when(stockServiceMock.getPrice(googleStock)).thenReturn(50.00);
      when(stockServiceMock.getPrice(microsoftStock)).thenReturn(1000.00);

      //add stocks to the portfolio
      portfolio.setStocks(stocks);

      //set the stockService to the portfolio
      portfolio.setStockService(stockServiceMock);

      double marketValue = portfolio.getMarketValue();

      //verify the market value to be 
      //10*50.00 + 100* 1000.00 = 500.00 + 100000.00 = 100500
      System.out.println("Market value of the portfolio: "+ marketValue);
   }
}

Let's understand the important concepts of the above program. The complete code is available in the chapter First Application.

  • Portfolio − An object to carry a list of stocks and to get the market value computed using stock prices and stock quantity.

  • Stock − An object to carry the details of a stock such as its id, name, quantity, etc.

  • StockService − A stock service returns the current price of a stock.

  • mock(...) − Mockito created a mock of stock service.

  • when(...).thenReturn(...) − Mock implementation of getPrice method of stockService interface. For googleStock, return 50.00 as price.

  • portfolio.setStocks(...) − The portfolio now contains a list of two stocks.

  • portfolio.setStockService(...) − Assigns the stockService Mock object to the portfolio.

  • portfolio.getMarketValue() − The portfolio returns the market value based on its stocks using the mock stock service.

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