A single-celled organism performs all the essential functions that a multicellular organism performs.
Unlike other organisms, Amoeba has no definite shape; so, it keeps on changing its shape.
Amoeba has pseudopodia, which means – pseudo means false and podia means feet.
Amoeba is a full-fledged organism capable of independent existence.
Shape of the cells are normally round, spherical, or elongated.
Protoplasm is known as the living substance of the cell.
The cells having nuclear substances without nuclear membrane are known as prokaryotic cells. E.g. bacteria and blue green algae.
The cells having well organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane are designated as eukaryotic cells. All multicellular organisms are eukaryotic cells.
Cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane is porous and allows certain substances or materials move both inward and outward.
The central dense round structure in the center is known as nucleus.
The jelly-like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane (as shown in the above image) is known as cytoplasm.
Different organelles of cells are also present in the cytoplasm such as Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Ribosomes, etc.
Located in central part, nucleus is almost in spherical shape.
Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a porous membrane known as the nuclear membrane.
The smaller and spherical structure, found inside the nucleus, is known as nucleolus.
Nucleus contains thread-like structures known as chromosomes.
Chromosomes carry genes and help in inheriting the characteristics of the parents to the offspring.
Gene is a fundamental unit of inheritance in living organisms.
The entire constituents of a living cell are known as protoplasm, which include nucleus and cytoplasm.
An animal cell does not have cell wall.
Cell wall gives shape and rigidity to plant cells.
Cell wall gives protection, plant cells need protection against varying temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric moisture, etc.
Bacterial cell also has a cell wall.
Usually, most of the cells are microscopic in size and are not visible to the naked eye.
The size of smallest cell is 0.1 to 0.5 micrometer found in bacteria.
The size of largest cell is 170 mm × 130 mm, found in the egg of an ostrich.
The size of the cells however has no relation with the size of the body of the animal or plant.
Some small colored bodies in the cytoplasm of the cells of Tradescantia leaf are known as plastids.
Plastids are found in different colors.
Some plastids have green pigment and known as chlorophyll.
Green colored plastids are known as chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts give green color to the leaves.
Chlorophyll is essential for the photosynthesis.
